Operational Lessons and Cooperation Among Allies: State of Play and Avenues for Improvement

Despite the willingness of countries like France to maintain strategic autonomy across the full spectrum of military capacities, international cooperation has in fact become a prerequisite for the conduct of contemporary Western military operations. On the other hand, the "RETour d’EXPérience" (RETEX), or more generally the identification of lessons ("lessons identified" and "lessons learned" LL) has become an increasingly institutionalized practice in Western defense ministries over the past fifteen years.